Vitreous LabsEnergy transparency
Owners

43 groups own 98 per cent of Britain's operating battery capacity

The market registers name the company that sells a battery's power and, for most batteries, a project company with a name that tells a reader nothing. This list follows each project company up to the group behind it, using its control filing at Companies House or the owner's own published statement, and every group's page prints the document behind each join.

186 of 205operating batteries with a named owner
6,745 MWof 6,849 MW operating, 98 per cent
162confirmed on a control filing or the owner's own statement; 18 probable, 6 named
19batteries, 104 MW, where no document names the owner yet
GroupBatteriesMWOf the fleetSold byGrade
Gresham House Energy Storage Fund3096614.1%Habitat Energy Limited and 8 others26 confirmed, 4 probable
Zenobe Energy2282412.0%Itself and 4 others21 confirmed, 1 probable
Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (Alcemi develops)55127.5%Alcemi Storage Developments 45 confirmed
Voltwise Power (Sandbrook Capital)104466.5%EDF Energy Customers Limited10 confirmed
Harmony Energy Income Trust (assets under Foresight Group)104396.4%BP Gas Marketing Limited and 1 other5 confirmed, 5 probable
Statera Energy44025.9%Thurrock Storage Limited and 1 other4 confirmed
TagEnergy73244.7%Tesla Motors Limited and 2 others7 confirmed
Pivot Power (EDF Renewables UK)63074.5%Pivoted Power LLP and 1 other6 confirmed
Gore Street Energy Storage Fund102343.4%Gore Street Energy Trading Limited and 2 others7 confirmed, 2 probable, 1 named
SSE32012.9%Itself3 confirmed
FRV (Abdul Latif Jameel)41422.1%Tesla Motors Limited2 confirmed, 2 probable
BlackRock and KX Power joint venture31382.0%KXP Immingham Ltd and 2 others3 confirmed
Conrad Energy71291.9%Itself and 1 other6 confirmed, 1 probable
Sembcorp (UK Power Reserve)51171.7%UK Power Reserve Limited1 confirmed, 4 named
Constantine Energy Storage21151.7%HD143OCK Ltd and 1 other2 confirmed
Varco Energy (Adaptogen Capital)21141.7%Arenko Cleantech Limited2 confirmed
ScottishPower Renewables (Iberdrola)21021.5%SP Renewables (UK) Limited2 confirmed
ENGIE31021.5%Itself2 confirmed, 1 named
Pulse Clean Energy51001.5%Habitat Energy Limited4 confirmed, 1 probable
Sosteneo (Pacific Green developed)21001.5%Limejump Energy Limited2 confirmed
Field (Virmati Energy Ltd)4861.3%Itself4 confirmed
SUSI Partners and Eelpower joint venture4831.2%Habitat Energy Limited and 2 others2 confirmed, 2 probable
UK Transition Power2620.9%West Burton B Limited2 confirmed
Cero Generation and Enso Energy joint venture1570.8%EDF Energy Customers Limited1 confirmed
Eku Energy3540.8%EDF Energy Customers Limited and 1 other3 confirmed
Cero Generation (Macquarie Green Investment Group)1520.8%EDF Energy Customers Limited1 confirmed
Statkraft1500.7%Itself1 confirmed
Amber Energy1500.7%Tesla Motors Limited1 confirmed
Amp Clean Energy1490.7%Tollgate Energy Storage Ltd1 confirmed
Centrica2490.7%CBS Energy Storage Assets LTD2 confirmed
Econergy1490.7%BGI Trading Limited1 confirmed
Downing1480.7%EDF Energy Customers Limited1 confirmed
Equinor (Noriker Power develops and operates)2430.6%Danske Commodities A/S and 1 other2 confirmed
Verdant (Enso Energy developed)1400.6%Arenko Cleantech Limited1 confirmed
RGREEN INVEST (Arlington Energy developed)2350.5%Centrica Business Solutions UK Optimisation Limited and 1 other2 confirmed
Atlantic Green2300.4%BGI Trading Limited2 confirmed
Vattenfall1220.3%Arenko Cleantech Limited1 confirmed
Opium Power and Somerset Council joint venture1180.3%Limejump Energy Limited1 confirmed
Voltalia1180.3%Habitat Energy Limited1 confirmed
GridBeyond8130.2%Itself8 confirmed
Doncaster Power Projects1100.1%Vest Energy Limited1 confirmed
Gridserve290.1%EDF Energy Customers Limited2 confirmed
Ecotricity150.1%Itself1 confirmed

Largest first; click a heading to sort by it. A battery that re-registered under a new code is counted once, under the code it runs on today. Sold by names the largest seller by megawatt; the group's page lists them all. Grades: confirmed means a control filing or the owner's own statement names the company; probable means strong indirect evidence, such as a capacity market site of the same size a few hundred metres away; named means a sibling unit at the same site is settled and the code carries the owner's initials.

19 batteries, 104 MW, where no document names the owner yet

The honest state of the rest. Some are project companies waiting on a single filing. Some name nobody at all in either register, and the site itself has to be identified before the company can be. A prefix on a unit code is not evidence: eleven units carry a code that looks like one operator's and the only one the register names belongs to somebody else.

BatteryMWWhat the register namesSold by
South Gloucestershire
Cotswold
44no owner in either registerBGI Trading Limited
Sheffield (EONDC-03)
North Midlands and North Wales
10no owner in either registerE.On UK Heat Limited
West Lindsey
North Midlands and North Wales
10no owner in either registerHabitat Energy Limited
UF_FLX02
Essex and Kent
9no owner in either registerFlexitricity Limited
Newark and Sherwood (RUFF-1)
North Midlands and North Wales
6no owner in either registerEquinicity LTD
Edfe-1
Mid Wales and The Midlands
5no owner in either registerEDF Energy Customers Limited
Eondc-01
Somerset and Wessex
4no owner in either registerE.On UK Heat Limited
Huntingdonshire
South Lincolnshire and North Norfolk
3no owner in either registerPeak GEN TOP CO Limited
South Hams
West Devon and Cornwall
2no owner in either registerVest Energy Limited
UF_KFLX01
Central London
2no owner in either registerOctopus Energy Limited
County Durham (ANSC-008)
North East England
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
County Durham (ANSC-003)
North East England
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
County Durham (ANSC-009)
North East England
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
Ansc-005
South Lancashire, Yorkshire and Humber
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
Ansc-006
South Lancashire, Yorkshire and Humber
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
Stratford-on-Avon
Mid Wales and The Midlands
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
Basingstoke and Deane
Oxfordshire, Surrey and Sussex
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
Ansc-010
Mid Wales and The Midlands
1no owner in either registerAnesco Limited
North Norfolk
Mid Wales and The Midlands
1no owner in either registerKrakenflex Limited

How the owner is decided

A control filing decides it. Companies House publishes, for every company, who holds more than a quarter of it and who can appoint and remove its directors. We follow that chain up from the project company until it stops and record where it stopped. Everything else is a lead to be checked against one: a capacity market site a few hundred metres from an ownerless unit, a second phase at the same postcode, a company's previous names, the initials in a balancing code. Shared directors and shared registered offices are not evidence, because both survive a sale. The finding says why the registers cannot answer this question, and the optimiser pages are the other half of it: who sells.