60% of the battery power in PSE’s queue belongs to groups based abroad, 29% to Polish private owners and 8% to the state utilities

Ten groups hold 46% of the battery power in the queues

Battery power in PSE’s list and the three distribution lists read, with signed agreements and connection conditions together, by the group at the top of each applicant’s ownership chain. Where a group also holds capacity contracts, the four-hour batteries behind them are noted.

Who owns what, by kind of owner

Foreign-owned groups hold 60% of the storage in PSE’s queue and 64% of the batteries with capacity contracts. The four state-controlled utilities, PGE, Enea, Tauron and Energa within Orlen, hold 8% of the queue and 10% of the contracts. A Polish developer held through a foreign company, such as R.Power through the Netherlands, counts as Polish.

Owned from abroadPolish private ownersThe state utilitiesNot traced

Storage in PSE’s queue

Batteries with capacity contracts, four-hour MW

Where the company register’s trail ends, and what the beneficial owner register adds

KRS shows the shareholders of a limited company (sp. z o.o.) who hold 10% or more, but not those of a joint-stock company (S.A.), and gives a foreign shareholder by name only. So the largest single holder here, Pro Vento, ends at a non-public investment fund; several chains end at family foundations, an association or a foreign holding company formed weeks before it bought. Those are named as the register names them, and the section above gives the people the beneficial owner register declares behind 40 of those companies. Tauron withholds every applicant’s name in its list, so its queue cannot be traced at all.

Sources: the Ministry of Justice’s KRS open API (current and full extracts, read 20 October 2026, the Tavion companies re-read 26 October 2026), every match checked against the registered name or tax number; foreign parents from their own filings and registers, cited row by row in the CSV behind this page; the Central Register of Beneficial Owners (CRBR) and Companies House, read 26 October 2026 for the companies in the table above. PSE’s list under art. 7 ust. 8l, edition of 30 September 2026; Energa’s and Enea’s lists; URE’s capacity results.